Unit+6-Molecular+and+Mendelian+Genetics

Unit 6-Molecular and Mendelian Genetics


 * [|Details]
 * [[file:mslewisbiology/Components and Structure of DNA notes2.pdf|Download]]
 * 3 MB
 * [|Details]
 * [[file:mslewisbiology/DNA transcription 2012notes.pdf|Download]]
 * 2 MB
 * [|Details]
 * [[file:mslewisbiology/Mutation and Genetic Engineering 2012.pdf|Download]]
 * 11 MB


 * [|DNA Timeline Tutorial] **
 * [|Hershey and Chase Experiment tutorial] **
 * [|DNA flashcards] **
 * [|Molecular Genetics Word matching Activity] **


 * [|DNA Practice Quiz] **
 * [|Molecular Genetics Quiz #1] **
 * [|Molecular Genetics Quiz #2] **
 * [|DNA- structure & function] **
 * [|DNA matching Activity] **
 * [|Translation-Protein Synthesis Quiz] **
 * [|RNA-Structure & Transcription Quiz] **
 * [|RNA matching Activity] **
 * [|DNA vs RNA Quiz] **
 * [|Replication, Translation or Transcription Quiz] **
 * [|DNA & RNA review] **
 * [|DNA/RNA & Complimentary bases quiz] **
 * [|From DNA to Protein Story board] **
 * [|Molecular Genetics Review] **
 * [|DNA,mRNA, or tRNA quiz] **
 * [|DNA basics( protein synthesis) matching Actvity] **
 * [|Molecular Genetics Speed Match game] - Study the vocabulary below before you play the game :) **
 * Heredity **

__ DNA: __ A large molecule found in a cell's nucleus that directs the assembly (making) of proteins in the cell. It also determines what traits are inherited or passed down from one generation to the next.

__ Nucleotide __ : One of the chemical building blocks of a nucleic acid, it is made up of a phosphate, the sugar deoxyribose, and a nitrogenous base. Contains either adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine.

Adenine only pairs with THYMINE

Cytosine only pairs with GUANINE

Multi-celled organisms grow by making MORE CELLS

The copying of DNA during cell division is called __ DNA replication __. The strands of DNA separate from one another.

__ Nucleotide __ : Building blocks of DNA

If one side of a DNA molecule reads ATGCCGT what would the complementary side read? TACGGCA

If one side of a DNA molecule reads TAGCCGA what would the complementary side read? ATCGGCT

What is the result of DNA replication? __ Providing New Cells with a complete and identical copy of genetic material __

__ Protein __ : Providing New Cells with a complete and identical copy of genetic material

Proteins are assembled on __ Ribosomes __ which are organelles found in the cytoplasm

The nucleic acid __ RNA __ (ribonucleic acid) carries information from the DNA to the ribosomes and uses it to make proteins.

RNA has a __ single __ strand of nucleotides, rather than a pair of strands like DNA.

RNA has a Uracil (U) base and not thymine. Uracil pairs with ADENINE.

RNA nucleotides contain the FIVE carbon sugar ribose rather than the deoxyribose found in DNA

There are THREE main types of RNA. Transfer RNA tRNA, Messenger RNA mRNA, Ribosomal RNA rRNA

__ TRANSCRIPTION __ : Copies a molecule of DNA into a complementary strand of RNA

The entire process of constructing proteins is known as __ Protein Synthesis __

__ TRANSLATION __ : When the information is decoded and used to arrange amino acids into proteins. (info is translated from nucleotides to amino acids)

= ** MENDELIAN GENETICS- Chapter 12 ** =

= =

== ** [|Genetics Notes] ** ==
 * [|Details]
 * [[file:mslewisbiology/Gregor_Mendel_and_Probability_2012.pdf|Download]]
 * 2 MB
 * [|Details]
 * [[file:mslewisbiology/Punnett_Squares_2012.pdf|Download]]
 * 391 KB
 * [|Details]
 * [[file:mslewisbiology/Pedigrees_and_Sex-linked_Traits07.pdf|Download]]
 * 377 KB
 * [|Details]
 * [[file:mslewisbiology/Indep._Assort_Dihybrid_11-12.pdf|Download]]
 * 2 MB


 * Practice Quizzes, Questions & Games **


 * [|Genetics Problems] **


 * [|Inheritance Patterns Quiz] **


 * [|Genetics Benchmark quiz] **


 * [|Sex-linked genes quiz] **


 * [|Pearson Genetics practive quiz] **


 * [|Drag n drop genetics practice] **


 * [|Punnett Square Practice Quiz] **

[|Bascis Genetics Practice]

[|Genetics Problems Solving]

[|Quia Genetics Bio 15 SOL Review]

[|Benchmark #1 Genetics Review]

[|Benchmark #2 Genetics Review]

[|Genetics Review questions]

[|Genetics Review #2]

= **VOCABULARY** =


 * **__albumen:__** the white of an egg
 * **__allele:__** an alternate form of a gene. Varients that occur at the same locus.
 * **__axial:__** Located on, around, or in the direction of an axis.
 * **__chromosome:__** a discrete structure composed of DNA (a double-stranded molecule that contains genetic code) and protein found only in the nuclei of cells.
 * **__dominant:__** a trait governed by an allele that can be expressed in the presence of another, different allele. Dominant alleles prevent the expression of recessive alleles in heterozygotes.
 * **__filial:__** having or assuming the relation of a child or offspring.
 * **__genotype:__** the genetic makeup of an individual; for a particular trait, you can't always tell the genotype by looking at the phenotype.
 * **__heterozygotes:__** organisms with heterozygous genes.
 * **__heterozygous:__** having different alleles at the same locus on a chromosome; a recessive and a dominant are paired (so the dominant trait is observed).
 * **__homozygous:__** having the same allele at the same locus on a chromosome; two recessive genes are paired, or two dominant genes are paired.
 * **__homozygous dominant:__** having dominant alleles at the same locus on a chromosome.
 * **__homozygous recessive:__** having recessive alleles at the same locus on a chromosome. This in the only time a recessive trait will be phenotypically (physically) seen.
 * **__hybrid:__** offspring of mixed ancestry.
 * **__locus:__** the portion of a chromosome responsible for the production of a polypeptide chain (a sequence of amino acids that may act alone (or in combination) as a functional protein).
 * **__Mendilian traits:__** traits that are under the influence of one genetic locus; also called //simple traits// (the trait is either one thing or another, there is no 'in between' mixing).
 * **__phenotype:__** the observable or detectable physical characteristics of an organism; the detectable expression of the genotype.
 * **__purebred:__** an organism who, when mated with another purebred with the same characteristics, will always produce purebreds; genotypically, purebreds are homozygous.
 * **__recessive:__** a trait that is not physically expressed in heterozygotes. In order for the trait to be expressed, there must be two copies of the allele.
 * **__terminal:__** growing at the end of a branch or stem.