Units+10-Ecology

Unit 10-Ecology = ** ECOLOGY- Chapters 3-5 ** =
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 * [[file:mslewisbiology/Population Growthppt2012.ppt|Download]]
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 * [[file:mslewisbiology/Ecology and energy flow 2012.ppt|Download]]
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 * [[file:mslewisbiology/Energy__cycles08.ppt|Download]]
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Practice Quizzes & Games [|Glencoe Ecology Activities] - click on Link # 2 3 and 4 [|Principles of Ecology Quiz] [|Nutrition ans Energy Flow Quiz] [|Organisms and their Environment Quiz] [|Ecology Speed Match game] - Study words below and then play game!
 * HUMAN ENVIRONMENTS & the ENVIRONMENTS **

__ POPULATION DENSITY __ : The number of individuals of the same species living in a given area

NICHE: An organism's role in its environment

__ BIOTIC FACTORS: __ All the LIVING things in the environment and their effects on the organism

__ ABIOTIC FACTORS: __ The NONLIVING things that affect an organism, such as light, water, soil and climate

__ IMMIGRATION __ : The movement of organisms INTO an area

__ EMIGRATION __ : The movement of organisms OUT of an area

When a population doubles at a regular rate it is called __ EXPONENTIAL GROWTH __

__ Density-DEPENDENT limiting factors: __ A limiting factor that has more of an effect on large or crowded populations.

__ Density-INDEPENDENT limiting factors __ : A limiting factor that limits the growth of a population regardless of its size

In __ PREDATION __ one species, the predator, hunts and eats another, the prey

__ CARRYING CAPACITY: __ The largest population that an environment can support over a long period of time

__ NATURAL RESOURCE: __ A product of the environment that is used by humans or other organisms

__ RENEWABLE RESOURCES __ : Resources that can be replaced through natural processes

__ NONRENEWABLE RESOURCE: __ A resource that CANNOT be replaced by natural processes at least as fast as they are used.

Examples of Renewable Resources: __ Air, Soil, Water, Trees __

Examples of Nonrenewable Resources: __ Coal, Oil, Metals, Marble, Gold __

__ SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: __ One way to conserve vital resources such as land, forests, fisheries, air, freshwater. Examples: Plowing land to prevent erosion, conserving water, and replanting forests with a variety of trees

__ DEFORESTATION: __ Process that completely cleared forests

__ DESERTIFICATION: __ Changes productive, fertile land into a desert.

[|Ecology 2 Speed Match game] - Study the words below before you play the game :)


 * Biogeochemical Cycles:/Adaptions **

__ BIOCHEMICAL CYCLES: __ Involves the movements of ORGANIC and INORGANIC chemicals through the lithosphere

__ RESERVOIRS __ : Places where various chemicals are stored (saved) and from which they are recycled

__ WATER CYCLE: __ The continuous (constant) movement of WATER through reservoirs in the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. (Ex. Evaporation and transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and runoff)

__ EVAPORATION __ : The changing of a liquid to a gas.

__ Transpiration __ : The movement of water from plants into the air, usually through openings in their leaves

__ CONDENSATION __ : Change of a water vapor to a liquid.

Hydroelectric dams create __ ENERGY __

Dams harm fish populations because __ they can prevent them from reaching their breading ground __.

The continuous movement of NITROGEN through each of Earth's systems is the __ Nitrogen Cycle __

What is a key element in organisms and makes up 78% of Earths atmosphere? __ Nitrogen __

__ Plants __ provide most of the food and energy for all living thins, including humans. So if _ are harmed, animals are harmed too.

__ Carbon-Oxygen Cycle: __ Continuous movement of CARBON and OXYGEN through all of Earth's systems

What is responsible for converting gaseous nitrogen into nitrates and ammonia? __ Bacteria __

__ Coevolution __ : Process by which two species each evolve in response to changes in the other.

Any structure or behavior that increases an organism’s chance of survival is known as an __ Adaption __.

__ Behavioral Adaption: __ Something an animal does that helps it survive.

__ Functional Adaption: __ An adaption that is related to the way its body WORKS.

__ Structural Adaption: __ An adaption that is related to a plants or animals FORM or STRUCTURE

What happens when two species coevolve? __ Each species change because of changes in the other __

__ Biosphere __ : Region of Earth that supports life

More Ecology Vocabulary

 * Endangered Species/ Ecosystem **

__ Extinction __ : The disappearance of a species or larger group of organisms

__ Asteroid or Comet __ : Collided with Earth in what is now what is the Gulf

The deaths of so many species, 65 million years ago is an example of __ Mass Extinction __.

__ Habitat: __ A place where an organism lives.

__ Ecological Succession __ : When living things repopulate an area.

__ Pioneer Succession __ Follows a disturbance that destroys all living things and soil in an area. Ex. After a volcano

__ Secondary Succession __ : Follows a disturbance that has wiped out most living things in an area, but not destroyed, covered, or removed the soil. Ex. after a Hurricane blows down trees, leaving soil behind

__ Pioneer Species __ : The first organisms to return to an area after a disturbance.

__ Climax Community __ : The ecosystem reaches a stage in which it does not change much

__ Burning Fossil Fuels __ : Causes acid Rain

What Pacific Island species has been wiped out by snakes that were introduced in the 20th century? __ Birds __

__ Food Chain: __ Shows the flow of energy from one organism to the next organism

__ Food Web: __ Shows the interconnected network of food chains within an ecosystem.

__ Producer __ : An organism that makes it's own food, gets its energy from the sun. Ex. plants, green algae, and some bacteria

__ Consumer __ : An organism that gets its food by eating other organisms. Ex. all animals, many protists, and some bacteria

__ Decomposer __ : Gets its energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms. Ex. Most fungi and many bacteria

__ Energy Pyramid __ : Scientists show the energy loss between trophic levels in an ecosystem

Each higher trophic level contains __ fewer __ organisms.
 * Food Chains and Food Webs: **

__ Carnivores __ : Secondary consumers that feed only or mainly on animals.

__ Herbivores __ : Primary consumers that feed only or almost entirely on plants are called

__ Omnivores __ : Consumers that eat both plants and animals.

Typically only about __ 10% __ of the energy from one trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level.

__ Trophic Level __ : Each feeding level (producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, etc) in an ecosystem

The correct order for the __ transfer of energy __ within an ecosystem: Producer -> herbivore ->carnivore ->decomposer